pH effects on plant calcium fluxes: lessons from acidification-mediated calcium elevation induced by the γ-glutamyl-leucine dipeptide identified from Phytophthora infestans.
Identifieur interne : 000344 ( Main/Exploration ); précédent : 000343; suivant : 000345pH effects on plant calcium fluxes: lessons from acidification-mediated calcium elevation induced by the γ-glutamyl-leucine dipeptide identified from Phytophthora infestans.
Auteurs : Lore Westphal [Allemagne] ; Nadine Strehmel [Allemagne] ; Lennart Eschen-Lippold [Allemagne] ; Nicole Bauer [Allemagne] ; Bernhard Westermann [Allemagne] ; Sabine Rosahl [Allemagne] ; Dierk Scheel [Allemagne] ; Justin Lee [Allemagne]Source :
- Scientific reports [ 2045-2322 ] ; 2019.
Descripteurs français
- KwdFr :
- Arabidopsis (microbiologie), Arabidopsis (métabolisme), Arabidopsis (parasitologie), Calcium (métabolisme), Concentration en ions d'hydrogène (MeSH), Dipeptides (physiologie), Phytophthora infestans (composition chimique), Phytophthora infestans (pathogénicité), Plant (effets des médicaments et des substances chimiques), Signalisation calcique (MeSH), Spectrométrie de masse (MeSH).
- MESH :
- composition chimique : Phytophthora infestans.
- effets des médicaments et des substances chimiques : Plant.
- microbiologie : Arabidopsis.
- métabolisme : Arabidopsis, Calcium.
- parasitologie : Arabidopsis.
- pathogénicité : Phytophthora infestans.
- physiologie : Dipeptides.
- Concentration en ions d'hydrogène, Signalisation calcique, Spectrométrie de masse.
English descriptors
- KwdEn :
- Arabidopsis (metabolism), Arabidopsis (microbiology), Arabidopsis (parasitology), Calcium (metabolism), Calcium Signaling (MeSH), Dipeptides (physiology), Hydrogen-Ion Concentration (MeSH), Mass Spectrometry (MeSH), Phytophthora infestans (chemistry), Phytophthora infestans (pathogenicity), Seedlings (drug effects).
- MESH :
- chemical , metabolism : Calcium.
- chemistry : Phytophthora infestans.
- drug effects : Seedlings.
- metabolism : Arabidopsis.
- microbiology : Arabidopsis.
- parasitology : Arabidopsis.
- pathogenicity : Phytophthora infestans.
- chemical , physiology : Dipeptides.
- Calcium Signaling, Hydrogen-Ion Concentration, Mass Spectrometry.
Abstract
Cytosolic Ca2+ ([Ca2+]cyt) elevation is an early signaling response upon exposure to pathogen-derived molecules (so-called microbe-associated molecular patterns, MAMPs) and has been successfully used as a quantitative read-out in genetic screens to identify MAMP receptors or their associated components. Here, we isolated and identified by mass spectrometry the dipeptide γ-Glu-Leu as a component of a Phytophthora infestans mycelium extract that induces [Ca2+]cyt elevation. Treatment of Arabidopsis seedlings with synthetic γ-Glu-Leu revealed stimulatory effects on defense signaling, including a weak enhancement of the expression of some MAMP-inducible genes or affecting the refractory period to a second MAMP elicitation. However, γ-Glu-Leu is not a classical MAMP since pH adjustment abolished these activities and importantly, the observed effects of γ-Glu-Leu could be recapitulated by mimicking extracellular acidification. Thus, although γ-Glu-Leu can act as a direct agonist of calcium sensing receptors in animal systems, the Ca2+-mobilizing activity in plants reported here is due to acidification. Low pH also shapes the Ca2+ signature of well-studied MAMPs (e.g. flg22) or excitatory amino acids such as glutamate. Overall, this work serves as a cautionary reminder that in defense signaling studies where Ca2+ flux measurements are concerned, it is important to monitor and consider the effects of pH.
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-41276-0
PubMed: 30894659
PubMed Central: PMC6426842
Affiliations:
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Le document en format XML
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Nadine" sort="Strehmel, Nadine" uniqKey="Strehmel N" first="Nadine" last="Strehmel">Nadine Strehmel</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Stress and Developmental Biology, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry (IPB), Halle (Saale), Germany.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Stress and Developmental Biology, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry (IPB), Halle (Saale)</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Halle (Saale)</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>Halle (Saale)</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>Halle (Saale)</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Eschen Lippold, Lennart" sort="Eschen Lippold, Lennart" uniqKey="Eschen Lippold L" first="Lennart" last="Eschen-Lippold">Lennart Eschen-Lippold</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Stress and Developmental Biology, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry (IPB), Halle (Saale), Germany.</nlm:affiliation><country 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(Saale)</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Westermann, Bernhard" sort="Westermann, Bernhard" uniqKey="Westermann B" first="Bernhard" last="Westermann">Bernhard Westermann</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Stress and Developmental Biology, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry (IPB), Halle (Saale), Germany.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Stress and Developmental Biology, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry (IPB), Halle (Saale)</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Halle (Saale)</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>Halle (Saale)</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>Halle (Saale)</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, IPB, Halle (Saale), Germany.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, IPB, Halle (Saale)</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Halle (Saale)</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>Halle (Saale)</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>Halle (Saale)</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rosahl, Sabine" sort="Rosahl, Sabine" uniqKey="Rosahl S" first="Sabine" last="Rosahl">Sabine Rosahl</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Stress and Developmental Biology, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry (IPB), Halle (Saale), Germany.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Stress and Developmental Biology, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry (IPB), Halle (Saale)</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Halle (Saale)</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>Halle (Saale)</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>Halle (Saale)</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Scheel, Dierk" sort="Scheel, Dierk" uniqKey="Scheel D" first="Dierk" last="Scheel">Dierk Scheel</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Stress and Developmental Biology, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry (IPB), Halle (Saale), Germany.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Stress and Developmental Biology, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry (IPB), Halle (Saale)</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Halle (Saale)</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>Halle (Saale)</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>Halle (Saale)</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lee, Justin" sort="Lee, Justin" uniqKey="Lee J" first="Justin" last="Lee">Justin Lee</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Stress and Developmental Biology, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry (IPB), Halle (Saale), Germany. Jlee@ipb-halle.de.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Stress and Developmental Biology, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry (IPB), Halle (Saale)</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Halle (Saale)</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>Halle (Saale)</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>Halle (Saale)</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">Scientific reports</title><idno type="eISSN">2045-2322</idno><imprint><date when="2019" type="published">2019</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass><keywords scheme="KwdEn" xml:lang="en"><term>Arabidopsis (metabolism)</term><term>Arabidopsis (microbiology)</term><term>Arabidopsis (parasitology)</term><term>Calcium (metabolism)</term><term>Calcium Signaling (MeSH)</term><term>Dipeptides (physiology)</term><term>Hydrogen-Ion Concentration (MeSH)</term><term>Mass Spectrometry (MeSH)</term><term>Phytophthora infestans (chemistry)</term><term>Phytophthora infestans (pathogenicity)</term><term>Seedlings (drug effects)</term></keywords><keywords scheme="KwdFr" xml:lang="fr"><term>Arabidopsis (microbiologie)</term><term>Arabidopsis (métabolisme)</term><term>Arabidopsis (parasitologie)</term><term>Calcium (métabolisme)</term><term>Concentration en ions d'hydrogène (MeSH)</term><term>Dipeptides (physiologie)</term><term>Phytophthora infestans (composition chimique)</term><term>Phytophthora infestans (pathogénicité)</term><term>Plant (effets des médicaments et des substances chimiques)</term><term>Signalisation calcique (MeSH)</term><term>Spectrométrie de masse (MeSH)</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" type="chemical" qualifier="metabolism" xml:lang="en"><term>Calcium</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="chemistry" xml:lang="en"><term>Phytophthora infestans</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="composition chimique" xml:lang="fr"><term>Phytophthora infestans</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="drug effects" xml:lang="en"><term>Seedlings</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="effets des médicaments et des substances chimiques" xml:lang="fr"><term>Plant</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="metabolism" xml:lang="en"><term>Arabidopsis</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="microbiologie" xml:lang="fr"><term>Arabidopsis</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="microbiology" xml:lang="en"><term>Arabidopsis</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="métabolisme" xml:lang="fr"><term>Arabidopsis</term><term>Calcium</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="parasitologie" xml:lang="fr"><term>Arabidopsis</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="parasitology" xml:lang="en"><term>Arabidopsis</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="pathogenicity" xml:lang="en"><term>Phytophthora infestans</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="pathogénicité" xml:lang="fr"><term>Phytophthora infestans</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="physiologie" xml:lang="fr"><term>Dipeptides</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" type="chemical" qualifier="physiology" xml:lang="en"><term>Dipeptides</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" xml:lang="en"><term>Calcium Signaling</term><term>Hydrogen-Ion Concentration</term><term>Mass Spectrometry</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" xml:lang="fr"><term>Concentration en ions d'hydrogène</term><term>Signalisation calcique</term><term>Spectrométrie de masse</term></keywords></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">Cytosolic Ca<sup>2+</sup> ([Ca<sup>2+</sup>]<sub>cyt</sub>) elevation is an early signaling response upon exposure to pathogen-derived molecules (so-called microbe-associated molecular patterns, MAMPs) and has been successfully used as a quantitative read-out in genetic screens to identify MAMP receptors or their associated components. Here, we isolated and identified by mass spectrometry the dipeptide γ-Glu-Leu as a component of a Phytophthora infestans mycelium extract that induces [Ca<sup>2+</sup>]<sub>cyt</sub> elevation. Treatment of Arabidopsis seedlings with synthetic γ-Glu-Leu revealed stimulatory effects on defense signaling, including a weak enhancement of the expression of some MAMP-inducible genes or affecting the refractory period to a second MAMP elicitation. However, γ-Glu-Leu is not a classical MAMP since pH adjustment abolished these activities and importantly, the observed effects of γ-Glu-Leu could be recapitulated by mimicking extracellular acidification. Thus, although γ-Glu-Leu can act as a direct agonist of calcium sensing receptors in animal systems, the Ca<sup>2+</sup>-mobilizing activity in plants reported here is due to acidification. Low pH also shapes the Ca<sup>2+</sup> signature of well-studied MAMPs (e.g. flg22) or excitatory amino acids such as glutamate. Overall, this work serves as a cautionary reminder that in defense signaling studies where Ca<sup>2+</sup> flux measurements are concerned, it is important to monitor and consider the effects of pH.</div></front></TEI><pubmed><MedlineCitation Status="MEDLINE" Owner="NLM"><PMID Version="1">30894659</PMID><DateCompleted><Year>2020</Year><Month>11</Month><Day>04</Day></DateCompleted><DateRevised><Year>2020</Year><Month>11</Month><Day>04</Day></DateRevised><Article PubModel="Electronic"><Journal><ISSN IssnType="Electronic">2045-2322</ISSN><JournalIssue CitedMedium="Internet"><Volume>9</Volume><Issue>1</Issue><PubDate><Year>2019</Year><Month>03</Month><Day>18</Day></PubDate></JournalIssue><Title>Scientific reports</Title><ISOAbbreviation>Sci Rep</ISOAbbreviation></Journal><ArticleTitle>pH effects on plant calcium fluxes: lessons from acidification-mediated calcium elevation induced by the γ-glutamyl-leucine dipeptide identified from Phytophthora infestans.</ArticleTitle><Pagination><MedlinePgn>4733</MedlinePgn></Pagination><ELocationID EIdType="doi" ValidYN="Y">10.1038/s41598-019-41276-0</ELocationID><Abstract><AbstractText>Cytosolic Ca<sup>2+</sup> ([Ca<sup>2+</sup>]<sub>cyt</sub>) elevation is an early signaling response upon exposure to pathogen-derived molecules (so-called microbe-associated molecular patterns, MAMPs) and has been successfully used as a quantitative read-out in genetic screens to identify MAMP receptors or their associated components. Here, we isolated and identified by mass spectrometry the dipeptide γ-Glu-Leu as a component of a Phytophthora infestans mycelium extract that induces [Ca<sup>2+</sup>]<sub>cyt</sub> elevation. Treatment of Arabidopsis seedlings with synthetic γ-Glu-Leu revealed stimulatory effects on defense signaling, including a weak enhancement of the expression of some MAMP-inducible genes or affecting the refractory period to a second MAMP elicitation. However, γ-Glu-Leu is not a classical MAMP since pH adjustment abolished these activities and importantly, the observed effects of γ-Glu-Leu could be recapitulated by mimicking extracellular acidification. Thus, although γ-Glu-Leu can act as a direct agonist of calcium sensing receptors in animal systems, the Ca<sup>2+</sup>-mobilizing activity in plants reported here is due to acidification. Low pH also shapes the Ca<sup>2+</sup> signature of well-studied MAMPs (e.g. flg22) or excitatory amino acids such as glutamate. Overall, this work serves as a cautionary reminder that in defense signaling studies where Ca<sup>2+</sup> flux measurements are concerned, it is important to monitor and consider the effects of pH.</AbstractText></Abstract><AuthorList CompleteYN="Y"><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Westphal</LastName><ForeName>Lore</ForeName><Initials>L</Initials><Identifier Source="ORCID">0000-0003-3524-5406</Identifier><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Stress and Developmental Biology, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry (IPB), Halle (Saale), Germany.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Strehmel</LastName><ForeName>Nadine</ForeName><Initials>N</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Stress and Developmental Biology, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry (IPB), Halle (Saale), Germany.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Eschen-Lippold</LastName><ForeName>Lennart</ForeName><Initials>L</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Stress and Developmental Biology, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry (IPB), Halle (Saale), Germany.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Bauer</LastName><ForeName>Nicole</ForeName><Initials>N</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Stress and Developmental Biology, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry (IPB), Halle (Saale), Germany.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Westermann</LastName><ForeName>Bernhard</ForeName><Initials>B</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Stress and Developmental Biology, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry (IPB), Halle (Saale), Germany.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, IPB, Halle (Saale), Germany.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Rosahl</LastName><ForeName>Sabine</ForeName><Initials>S</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Stress and Developmental Biology, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry (IPB), Halle (Saale), Germany.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Scheel</LastName><ForeName>Dierk</ForeName><Initials>D</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Stress and Developmental Biology, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry (IPB), Halle (Saale), Germany.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Lee</LastName><ForeName>Justin</ForeName><Initials>J</Initials><Identifier Source="ORCID">0000-0001-8269-7494</Identifier><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Stress and Developmental Biology, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry (IPB), Halle (Saale), Germany. Jlee@ipb-halle.de.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author></AuthorList><Language>eng</Language><PublicationTypeList><PublicationType UI="D016428">Journal Article</PublicationType><PublicationType UI="D013485">Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't</PublicationType></PublicationTypeList><ArticleDate DateType="Electronic"><Year>2019</Year><Month>03</Month><Day>18</Day></ArticleDate></Article><MedlineJournalInfo><Country>England</Country><MedlineTA>Sci Rep</MedlineTA><NlmUniqueID>101563288</NlmUniqueID><ISSNLinking>2045-2322</ISSNLinking></MedlineJournalInfo><ChemicalList><Chemical><RegistryNumber>0</RegistryNumber><NameOfSubstance UI="D004151">Dipeptides</NameOfSubstance></Chemical><Chemical><RegistryNumber>2566-39-4</RegistryNumber><NameOfSubstance UI="C100511">gamma-glutamyl-leucine</NameOfSubstance></Chemical><Chemical><RegistryNumber>SY7Q814VUP</RegistryNumber><NameOfSubstance UI="D002118">Calcium</NameOfSubstance></Chemical></ChemicalList><CitationSubset>IM</CitationSubset><MeshHeadingList><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D017360" MajorTopicYN="N">Arabidopsis</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000378" MajorTopicYN="N">metabolism</QualifierName><QualifierName UI="Q000382" MajorTopicYN="N">microbiology</QualifierName><QualifierName UI="Q000469" MajorTopicYN="N">parasitology</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D002118" MajorTopicYN="N">Calcium</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000378" MajorTopicYN="Y">metabolism</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D020013" MajorTopicYN="N">Calcium Signaling</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D004151" MajorTopicYN="N">Dipeptides</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000502" MajorTopicYN="Y">physiology</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D006863" MajorTopicYN="Y">Hydrogen-Ion Concentration</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D013058" MajorTopicYN="N">Mass Spectrometry</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D055750" MajorTopicYN="N">Phytophthora infestans</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000737" MajorTopicYN="Y">chemistry</QualifierName><QualifierName UI="Q000472" MajorTopicYN="N">pathogenicity</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D036226" MajorTopicYN="N">Seedlings</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000187" MajorTopicYN="N">drug effects</QualifierName></MeshHeading></MeshHeadingList></MedlineCitation><PubmedData><History><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="received"><Year>2018</Year><Month>08</Month><Day>01</Day></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="accepted"><Year>2019</Year><Month>03</Month><Day>01</Day></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="entrez"><Year>2019</Year><Month>3</Month><Day>22</Day><Hour>6</Hour><Minute>0</Minute></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="pubmed"><Year>2019</Year><Month>3</Month><Day>22</Day><Hour>6</Hour><Minute>0</Minute></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="medline"><Year>2020</Year><Month>11</Month><Day>5</Day><Hour>6</Hour><Minute>0</Minute></PubMedPubDate></History><PublicationStatus>epublish</PublicationStatus><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">30894659</ArticleId><ArticleId IdType="doi">10.1038/s41598-019-41276-0</ArticleId><ArticleId IdType="pii">10.1038/s41598-019-41276-0</ArticleId><ArticleId IdType="pmc">PMC6426842</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></PubmedData></pubmed><affiliations><list><country><li>Allemagne</li></country></list><tree><country name="Allemagne"><noRegion><name sortKey="Westphal, Lore" sort="Westphal, Lore" uniqKey="Westphal L" first="Lore" last="Westphal">Lore Westphal</name></noRegion><name sortKey="Bauer, Nicole" sort="Bauer, Nicole" uniqKey="Bauer N" first="Nicole" last="Bauer">Nicole Bauer</name><name sortKey="Eschen Lippold, Lennart" sort="Eschen Lippold, Lennart" uniqKey="Eschen Lippold L" first="Lennart" last="Eschen-Lippold">Lennart Eschen-Lippold</name><name sortKey="Lee, Justin" sort="Lee, Justin" uniqKey="Lee J" first="Justin" last="Lee">Justin Lee</name><name sortKey="Rosahl, Sabine" sort="Rosahl, Sabine" uniqKey="Rosahl S" first="Sabine" last="Rosahl">Sabine Rosahl</name><name sortKey="Scheel, Dierk" sort="Scheel, Dierk" uniqKey="Scheel D" first="Dierk" last="Scheel">Dierk Scheel</name><name sortKey="Strehmel, Nadine" sort="Strehmel, Nadine" uniqKey="Strehmel N" first="Nadine" last="Strehmel">Nadine Strehmel</name><name sortKey="Westermann, Bernhard" sort="Westermann, Bernhard" uniqKey="Westermann B" first="Bernhard" last="Westermann">Bernhard Westermann</name><name sortKey="Westermann, Bernhard" sort="Westermann, Bernhard" uniqKey="Westermann B" first="Bernhard" last="Westermann">Bernhard Westermann</name></country></tree></affiliations></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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